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BackendOctober 202611 min read

Bulkhead Pattern Explained: Isolate Failures in Backend Systems

What the bulkhead pattern is, how one slow dependency drains a shared pool, how to isolate with pools, semaphores, queues and containers, and how to size each one.

BackendOctober 202613 min read

Retry with Exponential Backoff and Jitter in TypeScript

How to retry failed requests safely: which errors to retry, the retry storm arithmetic, exponential backoff with jitter, Retry-After, retry budgets and idempotency keys, with a runnable TypeScript helper.

BackendOctober 202611 min read

ACID vs BASE: Database Consistency Models and When It Matters

ACID vs BASE with Postgres examples: what each ACID letter protects, why BASE is a pun and not a standard, and how to choose per feature.

BackendOctober 202613 min read

Transaction Isolation Levels Explained in PostgreSQL

What database transaction isolation levels are and which to use. PostgreSQL READ COMMITTED, REPEATABLE READ and SERIALIZABLE, shown with real two-session output and a retry loop.

BackendOctober 202613 min read

Design a Distributed Key-Value Store, Dynamo-Style

How to design a distributed key-value store the Dynamo way: consistent hashing, N/W/R quorums, vector clocks, hinted handoff, Merkle trees, gossip and an LSM node.

BackendOctober 202614 min read

Design a Flash Sale System That Never Oversells Stock

How to design a flash sale system that does not oversell stock: atomic decrements in Postgres and Redis Lua, TTL reservations, a waiting room, sharded counters and reconciliation.

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