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AI & LLMs

Articles on AI agents, LLM engineering, and applied machine learning — prompt design, RAG, evaluation, and building production AI features.

142 articles

AI Agent Harness Engineering: What Research and Real Runs Show
AIOctober 202617 min read

AI Agent Harness Engineering: What Research and Real Runs Show

Twenty sources and one unattended Claude Code agent on what really moves agent results: the harness. Harness-only gains, context rot, self-grading bias, and the self-tests a harness needs.

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How to Write a CLAUDE.md File That Works in Claude Code
AIOctober 20269 min read

How to Write a CLAUDE.md File That Works in Claude Code

How to write a CLAUDE.md file in six steps: run /init, prune, write commands and hard rules, split into rules and skills, then test it with /context.

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Backstage MCP Actions Backend: Secure AI Access to Your Portal
AIOctober 202612 min read

Backstage MCP Actions Backend: Secure AI Access to Your Portal

The Backstage MCP actions backend read closely: what tools it exposes by default, why the default endpoint shows everything, and the filters and auth that fence it.

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Stack Overflow Developer Survey 2026: AI Agent Trust
AIOctober 202612 min read

Stack Overflow Developer Survey 2026: AI Agent Trust

Stack Overflow's 2026 survey says 26.2% use AI agents at work and only 6.6% trust AI for important decisions. What the numbers allow, and a review policy.

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METR AI Developer Productivity Study 2026: What It Really Says
AIOctober 202612 min read

METR AI Developer Productivity Study 2026: What It Really Says

METR's February 2026 update reports minus 18 and minus 4 percent task-time changes, both with intervals that cross zero. What it says, what it cannot, and how to measure your own team.

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Perplexity SPACE: Firecracker Agent Sandbox, Warm Pools, E2B
AIOctober 202612 min read

Perplexity SPACE: Firecracker Agent Sandbox, Warm Pools, E2B

How Perplexity's open-source SPACE runs agent tasks in Firecracker microVMs: warm pools, suspend and wake, an E2B-compatible API and red-team results.

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Docker Sandboxes sbx: Run Claude Code in Cloud MicroVMs
AIOctober 202612 min read

Docker Sandboxes sbx: Run Claude Code in Cloud MicroVMs

Run Claude Code or Codex unattended in a microVM with sbx, then move it to Docker's cloud with one command. What transfers, what does not, and what it costs.

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kagent Kubernetes Tutorial: AI Agents on a Laptop Cluster
AIOctober 202612 min read

kagent Kubernetes Tutorial: AI Agents on a Laptop Cluster

kagent Kubernetes tutorial: run AI agents on a laptop kind cluster, wire RemoteMCPServer tools, keep sessions, and choose between 0.10 and the 1.0 alpha.

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Kubernetes Agent Sandbox CRD: Isolated Stateful AI Agents
AIOctober 202612 min read

Kubernetes Agent Sandbox CRD: Isolated Stateful AI Agents

Kubernetes Agent Sandbox CRD explained: Sandbox, SandboxTemplate, SandboxClaim and WarmPool for isolated stateful AI agents, with gVisor and tuning traps.

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Kubernetes AI Conformance: What the KARs Demand of a Platform
AIOctober 202612 min read

Kubernetes AI Conformance: What the KARs Demand of a Platform

Kubernetes AI conformance explained: what KARs demand, the v1.35 to v1.37 checklist diff, the test suite's silent skips and what a badge does not prove.

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Cloudflare Code Mode MCP: Two Tools, 1,000 Tokens, a Sandbox
AIOctober 202612 min read

Cloudflare Code Mode MCP: Two Tools, 1,000 Tokens, a Sandbox

Two tools, search and execute, replace thousands of per-endpoint MCP tools. What Cloudflare measured, how the sandbox works, and what it does not protect.

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Elastic nightshift AI SRE: Start With the Investigation Engine
AIOctober 202611 min read

Elastic nightshift AI SRE: Start With the Investigation Engine

Elastic nightshift AI SRE has four engines: Context, Detection, Investigation, Remediation. Why Investigation alone on existing alerts is the safest start.

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A2A vs MCP: Which AI Agent Protocol Do You Actually Need?
AIOctober 202612 min read

A2A vs MCP: Which AI Agent Protocol Do You Actually Need?

MCP connects an agent to tools; A2A connects agents to each other. Discovery, state, long-running tasks, auth and governance compared in one table.

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AI Agent Cost Optimization: Budget Per Task, Not Per Call
AIOctober 202611 min read

AI Agent Cost Optimization: Budget Per Task, Not Per Call

Agents loop, spawn subagents and grow their context, so per-call pricing math underestimates them. Measure cost per completed task, then control it with max_turns, subagent caps, tool search, compaction and model routing.

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AI Agent Evaluation: How to Test Tool Calls and Trajectories
AIOctober 202612 min read

AI Agent Evaluation: How to Test Tool Calls and Trajectories

An agent can return the right answer after calling the wrong tool, with the wrong arguments, in the wrong order. Here is how to grade the trajectory itself, from production traces to promptfoo assertions against a NestJS-hosted agent.

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ChatGPT Plugins (Apps SDK) Guide: Build an ERP Plugin on MCP
AIOctober 202611 min read

ChatGPT Plugins (Apps SDK) Guide: Build an ERP Plugin on MCP

Connectors became apps, apps became plugins, and the Apps SDK URL now redirects to the plugins docs. Here is what a 2026 ChatGPT plugin actually is, and how to build one for an ERP order-status lookup.

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Claude Managed Agents vs OpenAI Agents API: Full Comparison
AIOctober 202612 min read

Claude Managed Agents vs OpenAI Agents API: Full Comparison

Claude Managed Agents and the OpenAI Agents API both run the agent loop for you. A side-by-side of objects, sandboxes, custom tools, cron scheduling, ZDR, residency and pricing for teams retiring their own loop.

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Google ADK 2.0 Tutorial: Graph Workflows and Multi-Agents
AIOctober 202613 min read

Google ADK 2.0 Tutorial: Graph Workflows and Multi-Agents

A hands-on Google ADK 2.0 tutorial: build a procurement approval graph with routes and human approval, persist sessions across restarts, choose between graph, dynamic and collaborative workflows, test it, and migrate from 1.x.

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LangChain create_agent Middleware Guide: PII, Limits, Fallback
AIOctober 202613 min read

LangChain create_agent Middleware Guide: PII, Limits, Fallback

LangChain 1.0 replaced create_react_agent with create_agent and a middleware list. This guide migrates an old agent, then adds PII redaction, tool-call budgets, a closed-period guard, retries with model fallback and human approval, and explains why their order matters.

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LangGraph vs CrewAI in 2026: Which for Production Agents?
AIOctober 202612 min read

LangGraph vs CrewAI in 2026: Which for Production Agents?

The same three-step invoice workflow built in LangGraph and in CrewAI Flows, compared on control model, checkpointing, resume semantics, human approval, observability and learning curve.

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Mastra TypeScript Agent Framework Tutorial: Workflows and Evals
AIOctober 202613 min read

Mastra TypeScript Agent Framework Tutorial: Workflows and Evals

A hands-on Mastra 1.x tutorial for TypeScript teams: a Zod tool scoped by RequestContext, an agent with structured output, a purchase-order workflow that suspends for a manager, quick-check evals in Vitest, Studio, and how it compares with the Vercel AI SDK and the OpenAI Agents SDK.

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Microsoft Agent Framework 1.0: Semantic Kernel Migration Guide
AIOctober 202613 min read

Microsoft Agent Framework 1.0: Semantic Kernel Migration Guide

Microsoft Agent Framework 1.0 replaces Semantic Kernel and AutoGen for new agent work. Here is how the concepts map, what the C# and Python code looks like before and after, and what the BUILD 2026 harness and the pre-release CodeAct package change.

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OpenAI Agent Builder Shutdown: Migrate Before Nov 30, 2026
AIOctober 202611 min read

OpenAI Agent Builder Shutdown: Migrate Before Nov 30, 2026

Agent Builder goes away on 30 November 2026 and Evals turns read-only a month earlier. An inventory, export and parity-test plan for moving each workflow to the Agents SDK or a Workspace Agent.

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OpenAI Agents API Tutorial: Hosted Agents and Sandboxes
AIOctober 202612 min read

OpenAI Agents API Tutorial: Hosted Agents and Sandboxes

A hands-on Agents API walkthrough: create a session in an OpenAI-hosted sandbox, stream turns, steer, handle webhooks, clean up, and check residency first.

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