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BackendOctober 202612 min read

Distributed ID Generator: Snowflake vs UUIDv7 vs ULID

How to generate unique IDs across many servers: auto-increment limits, UUIDv4 index damage, UUIDv7 under RFC 9562, Snowflake's 41/10/12 layout, clock rollback and block allocation.

BackendOctober 202614 min read

Geohash vs Quadtree: How Nearby Driver Search Works

How do apps find nearby drivers or places? Geohash vs quadtree explained with TypeScript, PostGIS ST_DWithin, Redis GEOSEARCH and write-rate maths.

BackendOctober 202614 min read

Design a Chat App Like WhatsApp: Real-Time System Design

How to design a real-time chat application like WhatsApp: WebSocket gateways, ack and ordering with per-conversation sequence numbers, offline delivery, presence and group fan-out.

BackendOctober 202613 min read

News Feed System Design: Fan-Out on Write vs Fan-Out on Read

How to design a news feed: fan-out on write versus fan-out on read, the celebrity problem, Redis sorted set feeds, cursor pagination and ranking, with the arithmetic shown.

BackendOctober 202611 min read

Design Search Autocomplete (Typeahead): Tries, Redis, Postgres

How to design search autocomplete at scale: capacity arithmetic, a 100 ms latency budget, tries versus Postgres and Redis, decayed ranking, offline log aggregation, top-K caching and a debounced client.

BackendOctober 202611 min read

How to Design a Scalable Notification System (Push, Email, SMS)

A notification system is an event ingester, one queue per channel, a preference check, a dedup constraint, retries into a dead-letter queue and webhook-driven delivery tracking.

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