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Raft Consensus Algorithm Explained: Elections and Logs
BackendOctober 202614 min read

Raft Consensus Algorithm Explained: Elections and Logs

How the Raft consensus algorithm works: terms and roles, randomized leader election, log replication and the commit index, quorum arithmetic for 3, 5 and 7 nodes, safety, and where etcd and Consul use it.

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Backpressure in Distributed Systems: Stop a Fast Producer
BackendOctober 202611 min read

Backpressure in Distributed Systems: Stop a Fast Producer

Backpressure is how a slow consumer tells a fast producer to slow down. Learn bounded queues, load shedding, Node.js drain and queue-depth autoscaling.

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Bulkhead Pattern Explained: Isolate Failures in Backend Systems
BackendOctober 202611 min read

Bulkhead Pattern Explained: Isolate Failures in Backend Systems

What the bulkhead pattern is, how one slow dependency drains a shared pool, how to isolate with pools, semaphores, queues and containers, and how to size each one.

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Retry with Exponential Backoff and Jitter in TypeScript
BackendOctober 202613 min read

Retry with Exponential Backoff and Jitter in TypeScript

How to retry failed requests safely: which errors to retry, the retry storm arithmetic, exponential backoff with jitter, Retry-After, retry budgets and idempotency keys, with a runnable TypeScript helper.

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ACID vs BASE: Database Consistency Models and When It Matters
BackendOctober 202611 min read

ACID vs BASE: Database Consistency Models and When It Matters

ACID vs BASE with Postgres examples: what each ACID letter protects, why BASE is a pun and not a standard, and how to choose per feature.

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Transaction Isolation Levels Explained in PostgreSQL
BackendOctober 202613 min read

Transaction Isolation Levels Explained in PostgreSQL

What database transaction isolation levels are and which to use. PostgreSQL READ COMMITTED, REPEATABLE READ and SERIALIZABLE, shown with real two-session output and a retry loop.

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