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Design a Distributed Key-Value Store, Dynamo-Style
BackendOctober 202613 min read

Design a Distributed Key-Value Store, Dynamo-Style

How to design a distributed key-value store the Dynamo way: consistent hashing, N/W/R quorums, vector clocks, hinted handoff, Merkle trees, gossip and an LSM node.

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Design a Flash Sale System That Never Oversells Stock
BackendOctober 202614 min read

Design a Flash Sale System That Never Oversells Stock

How to design a flash sale system that does not oversell stock: atomic decrements in Postgres and Redis Lua, TTL reservations, a waiting room, sharded counters and reconciliation.

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Eventual Consistency Explained: When Is Stale Data Acceptable?
BackendOctober 202610 min read

Eventual Consistency Explained: When Is Stale Data Acceptable?

What eventual consistency guarantees, how replicas converge with LWW, version vectors and CRDTs, and which features can tolerate stale reads and which cannot.

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Two-Phase Commit vs Saga: Distributed Transactions Compared
BackendOctober 202610 min read

Two-Phase Commit vs Saga: Distributed Transactions Compared

Two-phase commit vs saga for distributed transactions: how 2PC blocks and holds locks, what PostgreSQL PREPARE TRANSACTION offers, and when a saga fits better.

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Design a Payment System: Ledger, Idempotency, Reconciliation
BackendOctober 202614 min read

Design a Payment System: Ledger, Idempotency, Reconciliation

How to design a payment system that never loses or double-charges money: a payment state machine, an append-only double-entry ledger in integer cents, idempotency keys, webhooks and daily reconciliation.

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Design a Video Streaming System: HLS, CDN and Adaptive Bitrate
CloudOctober 202613 min read

Design a Video Streaming System: HLS, CDN and Adaptive Bitrate

How video streaming works and how to design it: a transcode ladder, HLS segments and manifests, object storage, a CDN, adaptive bitrate logic, signed URLs and live versus VOD, with the storage and egress arithmetic shown.

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